«Որքան էլ կյանքը դժվար թվա, միշտ կա մի բան, որ կարող ես անել և հաջողության հասնել», - Սթիվեն Հոքինգ
Սթիվեն Վ. Հոքինգ (1942-2018) will be remembered not just for being an accomplished theoretical physicist with a brilliant mind but also for symbolising the ability of the human spirit to rise and triumph above severe physical disability of the body and achieve what is presumed to be the unthinkable. Prof Hawking was diagnosed with a debilitating condition when he was barely 21 years old, but he showed resilience over his adversities and continued to engage his mind in an attempt to theorize some of the intriguing scientific mysteries of the տիեզերք.
Գաղափարը Սեւ խոռոչներ emerged from Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity. The cosmic objects Սեւ խոռոչներ– thought to be the biggest enigmas of the known տիեզերք– are extremely dense, so dense that nothing escapes their huge gravity, not even the light. Everything gets sucked into it. This is the reason Սեւ խոռոչներ կոչվում են Սեւ խոռոչներ because nothing can escape its clutches and also its impossible to see a Սեւ անցք. Որովհետեւ Սեւ խոռոչներ do not emit light or energy in any form unlike all other cosmic objects, they would never undergo explosion. This meant Սեւ խոռոչներ would be immortal.
Stephen Hawking questioned the immortality of the Սեւ խոռոչներ.
Իր նամակում վերնագրված ''Սև անցքեր explosions?’’, հրապարակված բնություն in 19741, Hawking came up with the theoretical conclusion that not everything is sucked into a Սեւ անցք և Սեւ խոռոչներ emit an electromagnetic radiation called Գայլի ճառագայթում, detailing that radiation can escape from a Սեւ անցք, because of the laws of quantum mechanics. Thus, Սեւ անցքs too would explode and convert to gamma rays. He showed that any Սեւ անցք will create and emit particles such as neutrinos or photons. As a Սեւ անցք emits radiation one would expect it to lose mass. This in turn would increase the surface gravity and so increase the rate of emission. The Սեւ անցք would therefore have a finite life and eventually disappear into nothing.This stuck down the long-held idea by the theoretical physicists that black holes are immortal.
The Գայլի ճառագայթում was thought to contain no useful information about what the Սեւ անցք engulfed because the information swallowed up by the Սեւ անցք would have been lost forever.In a recent study published in 2016 in Physical Review Letters, Hawking showed that black holes have a halo of ‘soft hair’ (technically, low-energy quantum excitations) around them which might store the information. More research on this could perhaps lead toan understanding andan eventual resolution of the Սեւ անցք տեղեկատվական խնդիր.
Any proof of Hawking’s theory? No observational confirmation yet seen in the cosmos. Սև անցքեր are too long-lived to be observed today at their end.
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{Դուք կարող եք կարդալ հետազոտական հոդվածի բնօրինակը` սեղմելով ներքևում նշված DOI հղումը` մեջբերված աղբյուրների ցանկում:}
Աղբյուրը (ներ)
1. Hawking S 1974. Սև խոռոչի պայթյուններ. բնություն: 248. https://doi.org/10.1038/248030a0
2. Hawking S et al 2016. Փափուկ մազեր սև անցքերի վրա: Ֆիզ. Լեթ քհնյ.: 116. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.231301
